Unicorns. The lost city of Atlantis. A Spice Girls reunion tour featuring all the original members. Some myths are nice to believe in (even just a little!). But when it comes to heart health, believing popular myths can have a huge impact on your cardiovascular system, putting you at risk of heart disease. Check your heart IQ by tackling the myths below. (Because who doesn’t love a little myth busting? Well, maybe Thor isn’t so into it … )

Myth #1

I’d know if I had high blood pressure or cholesterol … obviously!

Truth

Reality check: High blood pressure and high cholesterol may not have any outward symptoms until you suffer a heart attack. You may not have any idea that your cholesterol or blood pressure is a concern until they’re measured, leaving you at risk without even knowing it.

Action plan

See your health care practitioner to have your blood pressure and cholesterol checked. Discuss your personal risk factors for cardiovascular disease to determine how often these tests should be done.

Myth #2

I eat a low-fat diet so I don’t need to worry about heart disease.

Truth

Recent studies suggest that a low-fat diet won’t do your heart any favors, although avoiding trans fats is still advised (thank goodness trans fats were recently banned in the US!). Be careful of using carb-rich foods like refined grains and sugars to replace fat-rich ones—a high-carb and low-fat diet could be your heart’s worst enemy.

Action plan

Keep eating a moderate amount of fat as part of a varied diet that also emphasizes protein, veggies and whole grains.

Myth #3

If I take my omega-3 supplement every day, I won’t have a heart attack.

Truth

Omega-3s can reduce triglycerides and improve blood pressure, and they’ve even been linked with a reduced risk of heart attack or stroke. While this is great news, taking an omega-3 or any other supplement is not a guarantee of good health. Make sure you’re taking stock of all your risk factors and addressing them where possible.

Action plan

Continue taking your omega-3 supplement (plant-sourced options are available) while keeping an eye on your weight, diet and alcohol intake.

Myth #4

Sure, some women might get heart disease, but it’s a bigger problem for men.

Truth

Hold up. This is just not the case. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both women and men in America. Consider this sobering statistic: For every one woman to die of breast cancer each year, five will die of heart disease.

Action plan

Remember that everyone is affected by cardiovascular disease. Adopt a heart-helping lifestyle, regardless of your sex.

Myth #5

I can’t be having a heart attack—I don’t have any chest pain!

Truth

While classic symptoms of heart attack include chest pain, discomfort or pressure, not everyone experiences the intensity of symptoms that we see in movies. Women’s symptoms in particular may not fit this picture and—here’s the important part—may not include chest pain at all. A recent study revealed an alarming fact: Patients without chest pain may not receive life-saving treatments quickly.

Action plan

Get to know all the signs of a heart attack (see “What a heart attack feels like”). Call 911 immediately if you suspect a heart attack, and insist on having your heart checked if you think there’s a problem.

Myth #6

I can’t change my heart health with diet—only prescription medications can do that.

Truth

Up to 80 percent of premature cardiovascular disease is preventable with a healthy lifestyle—and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption is cited as a major risk factor.

Healthy vegan diets can offer protection against diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels (including hypertension, type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease) due to the increased intake of folate, antioxidants and dietary fiber.

Action plan

Steer your diet toward more plant-based foods like fresh veggies and fruits, beans and lentils, whole grains, nuts and seeds. Take a cue from the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and choose extra-virgin olive oil while limiting your salt consumption.

Myth #7

I hit the gym hard every day, so it’s okay if I don’t move all day at work.

Truth

Sorry, guy-who-grunts-during-every-rep: Sedentary behavior puts your heart at risk whether or not you’re active outside of work. While exercising for heart health may seem like a no-brainer, the impact of not moving for long stretches is just coming to light.

Action plan

Protect your heart from a sedentary lifestyle by getting up and walking around every 30 minutes. Can you stand instead of sitting? Could you have a walking meeting instead of booking the boardroom? Small shifts toward movement can have major effects on your cardiac health.

Myth #8

Drinking this glass of red wine will do wonders for my heart!

Truth

Wouldn’t that be nice? Unfortunately, alcohol isn’t a nutritional supplement. While some studies have suggested that moderate alcohol intake is associated with better cardiovascular health, others have found it actually worsens certain heart health outcomes. Alcohol can also increase your blood pressure and your waistline while putting you at higher risk of other serious illnesses like cancer and liver disease. You may be better off with a handful of antioxidant-rich grapes instead.

Action plan

If you drink, limit your consumption. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans state that “moderate consumption” means up to one drink per day for women and up to two per day for men, but recent research suggests less than one drink a day is ideal for all adults. Just say pinot-no-no to that refill!

What’s the got to do with it?

Fascinating new research highlights a route to heart health through the gut. In non-vegans and non-vegetarians, certain gut flora affect the body’s handling of red meat, possibly explaining the link between red meat and increased risk of heart disease.

Other research shows vegans’ gut microbe communities appear to be healthier than omnivores’, containing more bacteria that decrease inflammation. Makes sense: A higher consumption of plant-based foods means more fiber to feed healthy bacteria.

What a heart attack feels like

Not all of these signs need to be present during a cardiac episode; however, common signs include

• chest pain (not always)
• discomfort in the upper body (jaw, shoulder, arm, stomach, back)
• nausea
• sweating
• feeling faint
• shortness of breath

Remember that heart attack signs aren’t always severe and sudden, especially in women.

The best heart helpers

Along with lifestyle strategies like managing stress, key supplements can help to support heart health. Always check with your health care practitioner which options will work best for you.

• Aged garlic extract has gained attention for its ability to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• Pomegranate juice is thought to improve heart health and lower blood pressure.
• Omega-3s can help manage high blood pressure and reduce triglycerides.
• Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been shown to help lower blood pressure and may help people who’ve had bypass surgery during their recovery.
• Plant sterols (found naturally in foods like grains and veggies) can help lower unhealthy LDL cholesterol.
• L-arginine is converted by the body into nitric oxide, which can help prevent inflammation in blood vessels, and it may decrease symptoms of angina.